UNIDAD 1. Tarea 1

http://www.bexcellence.org/Cost-Of-Quality.html

COST OF QUALITY

 When it comes to making decisions, most managers speak money. The Cost of Quality theory provides the vocabulary to communicate between the quality professionals and their managers.

The Meaning of "Quality Costs"

The term “quality costs” has different meanings to different people. Some equate “quality costs” with the costs of poor quality due to finding and correcting defective work. Others equate the term with the costs to attain good quality. Others use the term to mean the costs of running the quality department. In my site, the term "quality costs" means the cost of poor quality. 

Normally, quality-related costs run in the range of 10 to 30 percent of sales or 25 to 40 percent of operating expenses. Some of these costs are visible and some hidden. The cost of quality not only includes factory operation, but the support operations signficantly contribute too.

Most companies can avoid quality costs. But these companies do not assign clear responsibility for action to reduce them. Nor do they create a structured approach for doing so.

Tips You Must Know

The language of money is essential. Without the quality cost figures, communicating poor quality information to upper management is slow and ineffective.

 Quality cost measurement (only) does not solve quality problems. Some organizations publish it in the form of a scoreboard but these efforts fail because of lack of action.

 Don't limit the scope of quality costs. Most people focus quality cost only on the cost of nonconformities. Quality costs include other unmeasured costs such as lost sales due to poor quality. We call this a hidden cost because we can not easily measured it.

Categories of Cost of Quality

 1. Internal Failure Costs.

 The costs of deficiencies discovered before delivery. We associate deficiencies or nonconformities with the failure to meet explicit requirements or implicit needs of external or internal customers.

2. External Failure Costs.

The costs associated with deficiencies found after product is received by the customer. These also include lost opportunities for sales revenue.

 3. Appraisal Costs.

The costs incurred to determine the degree of conformance to quality requirements. For example inspection costs is an appraisal cost.

 4. Prevention Costs.

The costs incurred to keep failure and appraisal costs to a minimum. For example product design or Poke Yoke costs are prevention costs.

The total cost of quality is the sum of the four above categories.

PALABRAS NUEVAS

1. equate

2. attain

3. upper

4. revenue

5. appraisal

SIGNIFICADO DE LAS PALABRAS NUEVAS Y ABREVIATURAS

1. equate

Equate = tr. equiparar

Palabra de contenido.

2. attain

Attain = tr. alcanzar

Palabra de contenido.

3. upper

Upper = I Adj. alta

Palabra de contenido.

4. revenue

Revenue = s. ingreso

Palabra de contenido.

5. appraisal

Apparsial = s. evaluación

Palabra de contenido.

EJEMPLOS DE CATEGORÍAS LEXICALES

Sustantivos:

Cost, quality

Adjetivos:

Poor, support

Advervios:

Normally, easily

Verbos:

Speak, provides

Conjuciones:

Due to, but

Preposiciones:

Of, in

Artículos:

The, a

Prefijos:

Ineffective, nonconformities

Sufijos:

Making, professionals

Cognados falsos:

Figures ≠ figura, lack ≠ laca

Figures = cifras, lack = falta

Cognados verdaderos:

Cost = costo, deficiencies = deficiencias

IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO

La teoría de los costos de la calidad proveen el vocabulario necesario para la efectiva comunicación entre los profesionales de la calidad y los gerentes.

EN MIS PROPIAS PALABRAS EL TEXTO DICE

Los costos de la calidad son importantes para la toma de decisiones. Un adecuado vocabulario en teoría de costos de la calidad propicia una adecuada comunicación entre los profesionales de la calidad y los gerentes.

Para diferentes personas los costos de la calidad tienen diferentes significados y corresponden a diferentes actividades.

Los costos de la calidad representan un alto porcentaje de los costos operacionales; a pesar de esto, la mayoría de las empresas evitan cuantificar los costos de la calidad; así, no llevan a cabo ninguna acción para reducirlos.

Es importante saber que los costos de la calidad incluyen diferentes rubros. Así, deben ser tomadas acciones para conocerlos, reducirlos, y comunicarlos a la alta gerencia. Algunos costos de la calidad son: costos de fallas internas, costos de fallas externas, costos de evaluación y costos de prevención.