UNIDAD 4. Tarea 2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigeo_Shingo

Shigeo Shingo

Shigeo Shingo (新郷 重夫, Shingō Shigeo^?, 1909 - 1990), born in Saga City, Japan, was a Japanese industrial engineer who distinguished himself as one of the world’s leading experts on manufacturing practices and the Toyota Production System. Shingo is known far more in the West than in Japan, as a result of his meeting Norman Bodek, an American entrepreneur and founder of Productivity Inc in the USA. In 1981 Bodek had travelled to Japan to learn about the Toyota Production System, and came across books by Shingo, who as an external consultant had been teaching Industrial Engineering courses at Toyota since 1955. Shingo had written his Study of The Toyota Production System in Japanese and had it translated, very poorly, into English in 1980. Norman Bodek took as many copies of this book as he could to the USA and arranged to translate Shingo's other books into English, eventually having his original study re-translated. Bodek also brought Shingo to lecture in the USA and developed one of the first Western lean manufacturing consultancy practices with Shingo's support.

MARCADORES DE ORDENAMIENTO Y TIEMPO

1909-1990, as a result, in 1981, since 1955, in 1980, eventually.

IDEA GENERAL DEL PARRAFO

Shingō Shigeo (1909-1990) nació en la ciudad de Saga, en Japón, fue un Ingeniero Industrial reconocido como uno de los líderes mundiales expertos en producción y especialmente en el Sistema de Producción Toyota. Shingo, es mucho más conocido en el Occidente que en el Oriente debido a su asociación con Norma Bodeck, un americano emprendedor y fundador de Productivity Inc. en Estaods Unidos. En 1981 Bodek había viajado a Japón para conocer el Sistema de Producción Toyota, en este viaje, se topó con los libros escritos por Shingo, quien había dictado cursos de ingeniería industrial en el Toyota desde 1955. El estudio del Sistema de Producción Toyota de Shingo, había sido traducido pobremente al inglés en 1980. Norman, sacó tantas copias como pudo de ese libro para llevarlas a América e hizo arreglos para traducir el otro libro de Shingo al Inglés. Eventualmente, hizo una buena traducción de su estudio original. Bodek también llevó a Shingo a dar ponencias en los Estados Unidos y desarrolló una de las primeras prácticas de manufactura de Occidente con la asesoría de Shingo.

UNIDAD 3. Tarea 2

http://www.biography.com/articles/William-Edwards-Deming-9271287

 W(illiam) Edwards Deming Biography

( 1900 – )

(born Oct. 14, 1900, Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.—died Dec. 20, 1993, Washington, D.C.) American statistician, educator, and consultant whose advocacy of quality-control methods in industrial production aided Japan's economic recovery after World War II and spurred the subsequent global success of many Japanese firms in the late 20th century.

The son of a small-town lawyer, Deming attended the University of Wyoming (B.S., 1921), University of Colorado (M.S., 1924), and Yale University (Ph.D. in mathematical physics, 1928). He then taught physics at several universities, worked as a mathematical physicist at the United States Department of Agriculture (1927–39), and was a statistical adviser for the U.S. Census Bureau (1939–45). From 1946 to 1993 he was a business consultant and a professor of statistics at New York University's graduate school of business administration. He was also appointed a distinguished professor in management at Columbia University in 1986.

In the 1930s Deming became interested in ways that statistical analysis could achieve better quality control in industry. Deming's quality-control methods were based on a systematic tallying of product defects that included the identification and analysis of their causes. Once the causes of defects were corrected, the outcomes were tracked to measure the effects of those corrections on subsequent product quality.

In 1950 Japanese business leaders invited Deming to Japan to teach executives and engineers about the new methods. Japanese companies quickly adopted his methods, with the result being a commitment to quality control that helped Japanese firms dominate some product markets in many parts of the world. The Deming Prize (established 1951), awarded annually to Japanese corporations that win a rigorous quality-control competition, is named in Deming's honour. It was not until the 1980s that Deming's ideas were adopted by American corporations seeking to compete more effectively in the world market.

¿CUÁNDO NACIÓ DEMING?

Oct. 14, 1900

¿DÓNDE NACIÓ?

Sioux City, Iowa, U.S

¿QUÉ PROFESIONES TUVO?

Statistician, educator, and consultant.

¿EN CUÁLES UNIVERSIDADES OBTUVO SUS TÍTULOS?

University of Wyoming, University of Colorado, and Yale University.

UNIDAD 2. Tarea 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_management

Quality management

The term Quality management has a specific meaning within many business sectors. This specific definition, which does not aim to assure 'good quality' by the more general definition (but rather to ensure that an organisation or product is consistent), can be considered to have four main components: quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement.[1] Quality management is focused not only on product/service quality, but also the means to achieve it. Quality management therefore uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality.

Quality management evolution

Quality management is a recent phenomenon. Advanced civilizations that supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher quality standards than normal goods. In societies where art responsibilities of a master craftsman (and similarly for artists) was to lead their studio, train and supervise the on, the importance of craftsmen was diminished as mass production and repetitive work practices were instituted. The aim was to produce large numbers of the same goods. The first proponent in the US for this approach was Eli Whitney who proposed (interchangeable) parts manufacture for muskets, hence producing the identical components and creating a musket assembly line. The next step forward was promoted by several people including Frederick Winslow Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is sometimes called "the father of scientific management." He was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and part of his approach laid a further foundation for quality management, including aspects like standardization and adopting improved practices. Henry Ford also was important in bringing process and quality management practices into operation in his assembly lines. In Germany, Karl Friedrich Benz, often called the inventor of the motor car, was pursuing similar assembly and production practices, although real mass production was properly initiated in Volkswagen after World War II. From this period onwards, North American companies focused predominantly upon production against lower cost with increased efficiency.

IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO

La gestión de la calidad tiene un significado específico para muchos sectores de actividad. Esta definición (no tiene como objetivo asegurar la buena calidad, sino garantizar la consistencia en organizaciones o productos) podría decirse que posee cuatro componentes principales: planificación de la calidad, control de la calidad, aseguramiento de la calidad y mejora continua.

EN MIS PROPIAS PALABRAS EL TEXTO DICE

La gestión de la calidad no tiene como objetivo “asegurar la buena calidad”, sino garantizar la estandarización de los procesos de las organizaciones. En este sentido, podría decirse que la gestión de la calidad tiene cuatro componentes principales planificación de la calidad, control de la calidad, aseguramiento de la calidad y mejora continua. La gestión de la calidad no solamente se enfoca en ofrecer un producto o servicio de buena calidad, también se enfoca en cómo se alcanza una consistencia en ésta.

La gestión de la calidad es un fenómeno reciente. Civilizaciones avanzadas que apoyaban las artes y las manualidades, permitían a los clientes escoger artículos de más alta calidad que los normales. Cuando se instituyó la producción en masa, los maestros artesanos y otros artistas fueron sustituidos. El objetivo se convirtió en producir grandes cantidades del mismo artículo. El siguiente paso fue mejorar la eficiencia en la industria, del cual, uno de los precursores fue Frederick Winslow Taylor quién es a veces llamado el “padre de la ciencia de la gerencia”. Frederick Winslow Taylor fue uno de los líderes intelectuales del movimiento de la eficiencia, el cual sentó las bases para la gestión de la calidad incluyendo aspectos como la estandarización y la adopción de prácticas de mejora. Otros personajes importantes, adoptaron e impulsaron la gestión de la calidad. Hoy en día, las compañías se enfocan en producir a bajos costos mediante la mejora de la eficiencia en la producción.

SELECCIONAR TRES ORACIONES

1. The term Quality management has a specific meaning within many business sectors.

Frase nominal: The term Quality management

Pre modificado: The term Quality

Post modificado: no tiene

Núcleo: management

Frase verbal: has a specific meaning within many business sectors

            Nucleo: has

2. The next step forward was promoted by several people including Frederick Winslow Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency.

Frase nominal: The next step forward

Pre modificado: The next

Post modificado: forward

Núcleo: step

Frase verbal: was promoted by several people including Frederick Winslow Taylor a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency

            Nucleo: was promoted / voz pasiva

3. The aim was to produce large numbers of the same goods.

Frase nominal: The aim

Pre modificado: The

Post modificado: no tiene

Núcleo: aim

Frase verbal: was to produce large numbers of the same goods

            Nucleo: was

EJEMPLOS DE ELEMENTOS REFERENCIALES

Pronombres demostrativos:

This specific definition…

No hay that.

Conectores:

Hence, therefore.

Who, what, when, where:

Eli Whitney who proposed…

In societies where art responsibilities…

UNIDAD 1. Tarea 2

Material proporcionado por la profesora durante la clase.

http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/463

OOPS, Turning MIT Opencoursewear into Chinese: Analysis of acommunity of practice of global translators

Lee, Lin & Bonk

Communities of Practice in Action

Mutual Engagement

“Knowledge is power”

We learn by participating in the specific, local practices, which in turn are negotiated within broader discourses. In this sense, “the act of knowing involves an interaction between the local and the global” (Wenger, 1998, p.141). The globalization of open educational resources originally shared in one language (e.g., English), such as the MIT Opencourseware initiative, epitomizes such local-global interactions. As a prime example, the OOPS community and their project of translation are engaged in the act of making that link between the Chinese speaking population and the available opencoursewares – i.e., bringing globalized content to local populations. The meaning of the practice of translation and localization of the global contents is discussed, questioned, and further negotiated through the narratives of these volunteer participants.

As a volunteer group, the OOPS community shows an extremely high level of enthusiasm and engagement which can be explained by the organization’s grassroots history. The mission statement declared on the homepage indicated:

We wanted to use the spirit of an open source to challenge the groundbreaking idea of knowledge sharing. Our goal is to let more people enjoy the shared knowledge (OOPS Homepage, 2007).

On the discussion forum and through interviews, a sense of idealism among the volunteers was apparent. The OOPS members view their work as an extremely innovative project and take great pride in their participation in ‘opening doors’ to new information for the enormous non-English speaking Chinese population, contributing to more fair distribution of knowledge and power. For example, the following two excerpts were quoted from OOPS’ online discussion forum when volunteers were asked to share their view about OOPS.

As someone once said, “Knowledge is power.” . . . I believe that this “power” should be made available fairly and equally to all. It should go to those with the will and the ability to make the best use of it, not just tothose born [the] to right parents. When it is hoarded by a few, social inequality and disharmony result. In addition, knowledge is one of the few commodities that increase the further [if] it is shared. (Ms. J.)

In addition, providing the educational materials whose contents were created by a university of international renown seemed to give a sense of empowerment to these volunteers. Given that Chinese culture holds top tier universities in the United States in especially high regard, there is additional motivation to lend one’s talents to such a project. As noted in the quote below, such sentiments are apparent in Mr. A’s views about the key role or function of the OOPS.

Make the ‘treasure bank’ for worldwide Chinese; do our best to equalize access to knowledge; use our skills to promote global prosperity; use technology to create a new knowledge-based society. (Mr. A.)

PALABRAS NUEVAS

1.    Boarder

2.    Epitomizes

3.    Content

SIGNIFICADO DE LAS PALABRAS NUEVAS Y ABREVIATURAS

1.    Boarder

Boarder = s. frontera mf.

Palabra de contenido.

2. Epitomizes

Epitomizes = tr. Resumir, personificar.

Palabra de contenido.

3. Content

Content = adj. Contento, satisfecho.

Palabra de contenido.

EJEMPLOS DE CATEGORÍAS LEXICALES

Sustantivos:

Globalization, community.

Adjetivos:

Open, prime.

Advervios:

Originaly, extremely.

Verbos:

Are, negotiated, involves, share, engaged.

Conjuciones:

By, such as.

Preposiciones:

In, of.

Artículos:

The, an.

Prefijos:

Interaction, online, inequality.

Sufijos:

Participating, originally, engaged, innovative.

Cognados falsos:

Prime ≠ primo, contents ≠ contiene

Prime = primer, contents = los contenidos

Cognados verdaderos:

Project = projecto, negociate = negociado.

IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO

Aprendemos participando en prácticas locales dentro de fronteras más amplias. Así, el conocimiento requiere una interacción entre lo local y lo global.

EN MIS PROPIAS PALABRAS EL TEXTO DICE

La globalización de la educación abierta, al principio se dio en inglés. Al principio, se trató de utilizar las traducciones para que fueran accesibles los cursos abiertos para la población china. Lo que significa dicha practica, es a menudo discutido, cuestionado y negociado por los participantes voluntarios.

Uno de los voluntarios expresa que su meta es permitir que más personas se beneficien de la socialización del conocimiento.